References

Casiglia, E., Spalaore, P., Inocchio, G., Amrosio, B. Unexpected effects of coffee consumption on liver enzymes, European Journal of Epidemiology. 1993: 9; 293-297.

Corrao, G., Zamnon, A., Bagnardi, V., D'Amicis, A., Klatsky, A. Coffee, caffeine and the risk of liver cirrhosis, Annals of Epidemiology. 2001: 7; 458-465

Douglas, B.R., Jansen, J.B., Tham, R.T., Lamers, C.B. Coffee stimulation of cholecytokinin release and gallbladder contraction in humans. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1990: 52; 553-556.

Gallus, S., Tavani, A., Negri, E., La Vecchia, C. Does coffee protect against liver cirrhosis? Annals of Epidemiology. 2002: 12; 202-205.

Klatsky, A. L and Armstrong, M.A. Alcohol, smoking, coffee, and cirrhosis. American Journal of Epidemiology. 1992: 136; 1248-1257.

Klatsy, A. L., Morton, C., Udaltsova, N., Friedman G.D. Coffee, cirrhosis & transaminase enzymes. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2006:166;1248-1257.

Leitzmann, M. F., Willett, W.C., Rimm, E.B., Stampfer, M.J., Spiegelman, D., Colditz G.A., Giovannuci E. A prospective study of coffee consumption and the risk of symptomatic gallstone disease in men. Journal of the American Medical Association. 1999: 281; 1190-1195.

Leitzmann, M. F., Willett, W.C., Rimm E.B., Stampher, M.J., Spiegelman, D., Colditz, G., Giovannuci, A. Coffee intake is associated with a lower risk of symptomatic gallstone disease in women. Gastroenterology. 2002: 123; 1823-1830.

Lindamann, B. A., Hinkhouse, M.M., Conklin, J.L., Cullen, J.J.The effect of phosphodiesterase inhibition on gallbladder motility in vitro. Journal of Surg Research. 2002: 105:102-108.

Ruhl, C.E., Everhart, J.E. Clinical liver, pancreas and billary tract. Coffee and caffeine consumption reduce the risk of elevated serum alanine aminotransferease activity in the United States. Gastroentercology. 2005: 128: 24-32.

Tverdal, A., Skurtveit, S. Coffee intake and mortality from liver cirrhosis. Ann Epidemiol. 2003 (13)6; 419-423.